Quick Exam Pointers — Religion, Minorities & Related Provisions

• Art. 25: Freedom of religion for all persons — profess, practice, propagate.

  Subject to public order, morality & health; State may regulate secular activities and social welfare/reform (e.g., temple entry).

• Art. 26: Denominational rights (a–d) under limits of public order, morality, health.

  Establish institutions, manage religious affairs, own/acquire property, and administer property in accordance with law — remember the four sub-clauses.

• Art. 27: No taxation for promoting a particular religion — classic MCQ trap.

  You can’t be compelled to pay such taxes; general taxes remain valid even if some funds incidentally benefit a religion.

• Art. 28: Religious instruction rules in educational institutions.

  Prohibited in institutions wholly State-funded; allowed under endowments and in aided/recognized ones, but attendance needs consent (28(3)).

• Arts. 29–30: Cultural & Educational Rights — minorities protected.

  29(1) conserve language/script/culture; 29(2) no admission denial on religion/race/caste/language; 30(1) establish/administer institutions; 30(2) no aid discrimination.

• Arts. 31B & 31C: Savings for certain laws — exam note.

  31B shields Ninth Schedule laws; 31C protects some DPSP laws from Arts. 14 & 19 challenge (advanced: both subject to basic-structure review).

• Art. 32: Right to Constitutional Remedies — “heart & soul”.

  Supreme Court can issue writs: habeas corpus, mandamus, prohibition, certiorari, quo warranto — to enforce Fundamental Rights.

• Arts. 33–35 & Art. 300A: Security forces & property basics.

  Parliament may modify FRs for Armed Forces (33), indemnify acts under martial law (34), and alone legislate on these matters (35); Right to Property is now a legal right — deprivation only by authority of law (300A).

Flashcards Recap — Religion, Cultural & Remedies (Articles 25–35)

• What does Article 25 guarantee?

  Freedom of conscience & the right to freely profess, practice, and propagate religion.

• What does Article 26 provide?

  Freedom of every religious denomination to manage its own affairs & institutions.

• Which Article prohibits the use of tax money for promoting religion?

  Article 27.

• Which Article prohibits religious instruction in State-funded schools?

  Article 28.

• Which Articles protect minority language, script, and culture?

  Articles 29 & 30.

• Which Article originally gave Right to Property as a Fundamental Right?

  Article 31 (moved to Article 300A, now a legal right).

• Which Article is called the “heart and soul” of the Constitution?

  Article 32 — Right to Constitutional Remedies.

• Which Article allows Parliament to restrict rights of Armed Forces members?

  Article 33.

That wraps this practice set on Religion, Minority Rights & Enforcement. You revised Articles 25–28 (freedom of conscience; managing religious affairs; no tax for promoting a religion; rules on religious instruction), Articles 29–30 (cultural & educational rights of minorities and non-discrimination in aid), the “savings” clauses 31B & 31C (Ninth Schedule protection and limited shield for DPSP-implementing laws), and Articles 32–35 (writ remedies, parliament’s power to tailor rights for armed forces, martial law indemnity, and exclusive competence of Parliament). You also noted the status of Right to Property as a constitutional legal right under Article 300A. For exams, revisit tricky distinctions: Art. 25 applies to “all persons” (vs. Art. 19 for citizens), Art. 28(1) prohibition vs 28(3) consent rule, Art. 29(2) (admission) vs 30(1)–(2) (establish/administer & aid), and 31B vs 31C. Cycle these MCQs after a day and a week; aim for instant recall of writ names and when Art. 33–35 allow tailored limits. Consistent, spaced practice will lock these provisions in for UPSC/SSC/State PSC accuracy.

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